In a skillet over medium heat, toast the dried chiles for about 2-3 minutes until fragrant. Be careful not to burn them.
Remove from heat and place the chiles in a bowl. Pour 2 cups of hot water over the chiles and let them soak for about 20 minutes until softened.
In a large pot, heat the vegetable oil over medium-high heat. Add the beef cubes in batches, browning them on all sides. Remove the beef and set aside.
In the same pot, add the chopped onion and cook for about 5 minutes until softened. Stir in the minced garlic and cook for an additional minute.
Drain the soaked chiles and transfer them to a blender. Add the beef broth, cumin, oregano, salt, pepper, apple cider vinegar, and brown sugar. Blend until smooth.
Return the browned beef to the pot and pour the blended chile sauce over the meat. Stir to combine.
Bring to a simmer, cover, and reduce the heat to low. Cook for 1.5 to 2 hours, or until the beef is tender, stirring occasionally.
Serve hot with rice, tortillas, or over nachos.