In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the diced onion and sauté for about 3-4 minutes until softened.
Add the minced garlic and sliced kielbasa to the skillet. Cook for an additional 5-7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the kielbasa is browned.
Stir in the broccoli florets and cook for another 5 minutes until they are bright green and tender-crisp.
Pour in the heavy cream and sprinkle in the paprika, salt, and pepper. Stir well to combine and let it simmer for 3-4 minutes until the sauce thickens slightly.
Remove the skillet from heat and stir in the shredded cheddar cheese until melted and creamy.
Serve the creamy kielbasa and broccoli mixture over cooked rice or pasta.